Lesson 9 トリアージ Practice
Part 1: Choosing the grammar form
Q1
いつから この町に音楽を愛する若者が集まるようになった。
いつからともなくこの町に音楽を愛する若者が集まるようになった。
Without anyone being able to say since when, young people who love music have come to gather in this town.
1とはいえ
「とはいえ」 = "although ~." It does not fit the meaning of this sentence.
2といえども
「といえども」 = "even if ~." It does not fit the meaning of this sentence.
3ともなく ✓
Correct. In the fixed phrase 「いつからともなく」, 「ともなく」 expresses "before one knows it; without being able to say since when."
4ともなると
「ともなると」 = "once it comes to ~ (a corresponding change occurs)." It does not fit the context of "since some unknown time."
Q2
5億円 ヨットが売りに出されたが、一瞬で買い手が決まったそうだ。
Related grammar point 1 100人からいるけが人
5億円からするヨットが売りに出されたが、一瞬で買い手が決まったそうだ。
A yacht worth 500 million yen was put up for sale, and it is said that a buyer was decided in an instant.
1からくる
「からくる」 = "stemming from ~ (a cause)." It does not fit the context of expressing a high price.
2からする ✓
Correct. 「からする」 means "costing as much as ~." This corresponds to the supplementary note "〜からする" under grammar point ① of this lesson: a yacht costing as much as 500 million yen.
3からいる
「からいる」 is normally used for large numbers of people and does not go with a boat (a thing).
4からある
「からある」 also expresses a large quantity, but it is normally used for amounts, weights and the like; 「からする」 is the usual choice for prices.
Q3
この小説はとらえ 、さまざまな解釈が成り立つと言われている。
Related grammar point 4 見ようによっては
この小説はとらえようによって、さまざまな解釈が成り立つと言われている。
It is said that this novel can be interpreted in a variety of ways, depending on how one takes it.
1にかかわる
「にかかわる」 = "to concern ~." It does not fit the context.
2にあって
「にあって」 = "in the situation of ~." It does not fit the context.
3ようととらえまいと
「ようととらえまいと」 would form 「とらえようととらえまいと」 ("whether one interprets it or not"), which is grammatical but does not fit the meaning of this sentence, since the point is that the interpretation varies depending on how one takes it.
4ようによって ✓
Correct. 「ようによって」 means "depending on how one does or understands ~." This corresponds to grammar point ④ of this lesson, 「とらえようによって」.
Q4
裁判員は裁判 話は家族にさえも話してはいけない。
Related grammar point 2 命にかかわる
裁判員は裁判にかかわる話は家族にさえも話してはいけない。
Jurors must not tell even their families what concerns a trial.
1に反する
「に反する」 = "to go against ~." It does not fit the context.
2に先立つ
「に先立つ」 = "prior to ~." It does not fit the context.
3にかかわる ✓
Correct. 「にかかわる」 means "to be related to ~." This corresponds to grammar point ② of this lesson: things related to the trial.
4にわたる
「にわたる」 = "to extend over the whole range of ~." It does not fit the context.
Q5
防災訓練の実施 、各部署から1人ずつ責任者が選ばれた。
防災訓練の実施にあたって、各部署から1人ずつ責任者が選ばれた。
In carrying out the disaster drill, one person in charge was chosen from each department.
1にあたって ✓
Correct. 「にあたって」 means "on the occasion of ~": on the occasion of carrying out the disaster drill.
2につれて
「につれて」 = "as ~ progresses." It does not go well with a one-time event such as 「実施」.
3にあって
「にあって」 = "in the situation of ~." It does not fit the context of 「実施」, which is an event marking an occasion.
4にもとづいて
「にもとづいて」 = "based on ~." It does not fit the context.
Q6
あの嬉しそうな様子 、川野君は合格したに違いない。
あの嬉しそうな様子からみると、川野君は合格したに違いない。
Judging from that happy look, Kawano must have passed.
1からといって
「からといって」 = "just because ~ (it does not follow that ~)." It does not fit the context.
2からあって
「からあって」 is not a fixed combination and is ungrammatical.
3からには
「からには」 = "now that ~." It does not fit the context.
4からみると ✓
Correct. 「からみると」 means "judging from ~ (a basis for a judgment)": judging from that happy look.
Part 2: Building sentences
Put the 4 options into slots 1–4 in order, then pick the one that lands in the ★ slot.
Q1
虫歯を放置しておくと命12★4あります。
Related grammar point 2 命にかかわる
虫歯を放置しておくと命1にかかわる2大病に3★つながる4おそれがあります。
Order: 1 → 3 → 2 → 4 ★ = option 2
If you leave a cavity untreated, there is a risk that it will lead to a serious, life-threatening illness.
How the sentence is built
First put 「にかかわる」 (grammar point ② of this lesson, related to ~), then 「大病に」, with 「つながる」 in the ★ slot, and finally 「おそれが」, which connects to the 「あります」 already given at the end of the sentence.
Q2
香りが強い12★4引き立てます。
Related grammar point 4 見ようによっては
香りが強い1スパイスも2使いようによっては3★料理の4味を引き立てます。
Order: 3 → 2 → 1 → 4 ★ = option 1
Even strongly fragrant spices, depending on how you use them, can bring out the flavor of a dish.
How the sentence is built
First put 「スパイスも」, then 「使いようによっては」 (grammar point ④ of this lesson, depending on how it is used), with 「料理の」 in the ★ slot, and finally 「味を」, which connects to the 「引き立てます」 already given at the end of the sentence.
Q3
この学校は、着物が主流だった12★4制服に洋装を取り入れた。
Related grammar point 3 緊急時にあって
この学校は、着物が主流だった1時代2にあって3★批判を4受けつつも制服に洋装を取り入れた。
Order: 3 → 4 → 1 → 2 ★ = option 1
This school adopted Western-style clothing for its uniform even in an era when kimono was the mainstream, despite the criticism it received.
How the sentence is built
First put 「時代」, then 「にあって」 (grammar point ③ of this lesson, in the situation of ~), with 「批判を」 in the ★ slot, and finally 「受けつつも」, which connects to the 「制服に洋装を取り入れた」 already given at the end of the sentence.
Part 3: Reading
Show passage translation
There have been cases in which, during a fire, an ordinary person carried out a safe weighing as much as 100 kilograms entirely on his own. This is what is called 「火事場の馬鹿力」 (superhuman strength in an emergency), and something similar sometimes happens in work as well. It is a strength that can be summoned in an emergency that affects either life or the survival of a company.
If so, it would be a mistake to criticize someone for not working at full capacity just because they do not normally exert this strength.
However, those who make others work, even while knowing it is unreasonable, tend to constantly demand from workers a strength that ventures into this territory, in order to win in fierce competition. What happens then? Productivity will certainly rise in the short term. Even so, if workers are forced to keep working beyond their normal "full capacity," they will damage their physical and mental health, and not only will it not last long, but it will often even fall below the original level of productivity.
Q1
「火事場の馬鹿力」とはどういうことか。
What does 「火事場の馬鹿力」 mean?
1平常時に発揮される特殊な力
「平常時に発揮される特殊な力」 contradicts the original's 「非常時にあって出せる力」, so it is eliminated.
2非常時に発揮される特殊な力 ✓
Correct. The original clearly says it is 「命なり会社の存続なりにかかわるような非常時にあって出せる力」, that is, a special strength that can be summoned only in an emergency.
3平常時に出すと非難される特殊な力
「平常時に出すと非難される特殊な力」: the text never says that exerting this strength in normal times draws criticism, so this is made up.
4非常時に出すと非難される特殊な力
「非常時に出すと非難される特殊な力」: the text says the exact opposite, that one should not criticize people for not exerting this strength in normal times; it does not say that exerting it in an emergency draws criticism.
Q2
筆者が最も言いたいことは何か。
What does the author most want to say?
1経営者は労働者に常に平常時の「全力」以上の力を求めるべきではない。 ✓
Correct. The latter half of the text clearly points out that if management forces workers to keep working beyond their normal "full capacity," it will damage their health, be unsustainable, and even drag down the original productivity. The author therefore argues that managers should not always demand from workers more than their normal full capacity.
2経営者は労働者に常に平常時の「全力」以上の力を出させるべきだ。
「経営者は労働者に常に平常時の「全力」以上の力を出させるべきだ」 is the complete opposite of the author's view.
3経営者は労働者に短期的な生産性を上げさせるべきだ。
「短期的な生産性を上げさせるべきだ」: although the text mentions that productivity rises in the short term, the author then denies the long-term effect of that approach, so it is not the author's claim.
4経営者は労働者に非常時の生産性を上げさせるべきだ。
「非常時の生産性を上げさせるべきだ」: the text makes no such claim, so this is made up.
Part 4: Listening
Listen first, then tap an option. The transcript and explanation appear after you answer.
Listen first, then choose answers question by question. After answering, open the transcript to replay each line.
テレビで、ある科学者がエネルギー問題について話しています。
Q1
問 この科学者が最も注目しているエネルギーは何ですか。
1太陽光
2風力
3メタンハイドレート ✓
4天然ガス
What is the energy that this scientist is paying the most attention to?
The scientist clearly says: 「日本に合ったエネルギーということで、今私が最も注目しているのはメタンハイドレートです」, directly naming methane hydrate (メタンハイドレート) as the thing he pays the "most attention" to. Solar and wind power generation are merely technologies that Japan has already introduced but that "have limits" (eliminating 1 and 2). Natural gas is used only as a reference quantity for comparison ("about 96 years' worth of natural gas") and is not the object of his attention itself (eliminating 4). → メタンハイドレート. The answer is 3.
Grammar in this question
〜にあって:In the situation of ~ (grammar point ③ of this lesson). 「求められる時代にあって」.
〜からある:As many as ~ (grammar point ① of this lesson). 「96年分からある」.
Key vocabulary
確保(かくほ) securing, ensuring
導入(どうにゅう)する to introduce, to adopt
地形(ちけい) terrain, topography
Q2
問 この2人は科学者の意見についてどう思っていますか。
1女の人も男の人も賛成している。
2女の人は賛成だが、男の人は賛成しかねている。 ✓
3女の人は賛成しかねているが、男の人は賛成だ。
4女の人も男の人も賛成しかねている。
What do these two people think of the scientist's opinion?
The question asks about the two people's attitude toward the scientist's opinion (that methane hydrate deserves attention and use). The woman (F) first says 「いいよね。上手くいけば、石油なんていらないんじゃない?」 and later says 「え〜。でも、試す価値はあると思うよ」, which is a positive attitude and clearly shows agreement. The man (M2), on the other hand, says 「うーん。でも、それって上手くいけばの話だよね?実際はどうなんだろう?」 and finally 「まあ、そうかもしれないけど、こういう問題は、なかなか難しいよね」. He stays reserved and doubtful throughout and never clearly agrees, so he "finds it hard to agree." → 女の人は賛成だが、男の人は賛成しかねている. The answer is 2.
Grammar in this question
〜んじゃない?:A rhetorical question form, used to express one's thoughts in a softened way.
Key vocabulary
価値(かち) worth, value
Transcript
M1 エネルギーの確保は、我々の将来にかかわる重要な課題です。
Securing energy is an important issue that affects our future.
M1 石油に代わるエネルギーが求められる時代にあって、新しいエネルギーの開発が急がれております。
In an age when energy to replace oil is needed, the development of new energy is urgent.
M1 日本でも、ヨーロッパにならって、太陽光発電や風力発電などが導入されていますが、気候も地形も異なる日本では限界があります。
In Japan too, solar power generation, wind power generation and the like have been introduced, following Europe's example, but because the climate and terrain differ from Europe's, there are limits.
M1 日本に合ったエネルギーということで、今私が最も注目しているのはメタンハイドレートです。
As an energy suited to Japan, the one that I am paying the most attention to right now is methane hydrate.
M1 これは「燃える氷」と呼ばれていて、その量は日本で使われる天然ガスの約96年分からあるんです。
It is called "burning ice," and its reserves amount to about 96 years' worth of the natural gas used in Japan.
M1 これを利用しない手はないでしょう。
There is no reason not to use it.
F 「燃える氷」かあ……。いいよね。上手くいけば、石油なんていらないんじゃない?
"Burning ice," huh... Sounds good. If it works out, wouldn't we not even need oil?
M2 うーん。でも、それって上手くいけばの話だよね?実際はどうなんだろう?
Hmm... But that's only if it works out, right? What would the reality be like?
F え〜。でも、試す価値はあると思うよ。
Well, but I think it's worth trying.
M2 まあ、そうかもしれないけど、こういう問題は、なかなか難しいよね。
Well, maybe so, but problems like this are really difficult.