Lesson 5 手作りハムのレシピ Practice
Part 1: Choosing the grammar form
Q1
テレビを買おうと思って店に行ったら、( )高くなかった。
Related grammar point 44 もも肉ほどあぶらが多くない
テレビを買おうと思って店に行ったら、(思っていたほど)高くなかった。
I went to the store intending to buy a TV, and it wasn't as expensive as I had thought.
1思っていたほど ✓
Correct. 思っていたほど: grammar point ㊹, meaning "not as ... as": "not as expensive as I thought."
2思うより
思うより: "than one thinks"; it does not fit the structure of this sentence and does not express falling short of expectations.
3思うかわりに
思うかわりに: grammar point ㊺, meaning "instead of ..."; it does not fit the context.
4思わずに
思わずに: grammar point ㊻, meaning "without ...ing"; it does not fit the context.
Q2
夏休みは帰国できないので、その( )、両親を東京に呼ぶことにした。
Related grammar point 45 はちみつのかわりに
夏休みは帰国できないので、その(かわりに)、両親を東京に呼ぶことにした。
I can't go back to my home country during the summer vacation, so instead I decided to invite my parents to Tokyo.
1とおりに
とおりに: means "as, in accordance with ..."; it does not fit the context.
2かわりに ✓
Correct. かわりに: grammar point ㊺, meaning doing something in another way as a substitute: "instead, I'll invite my parents to Tokyo."
3ように
ように: grammar point ㊷, used to give an example or describe a state; it does not fit the context.
4とたん
とたん: means "the moment ..."; it does not fit the context.
Q3
兄は両親に( )大学を決めてしまった。
Related grammar point 46 とりむね肉を切らずに
兄は両親に(相談せずに)大学を決めてしまった。
My older brother decided on a university without consulting our parents.
1相談はもちろん
相談はもちろん: grammar point ㊸, meaning "not only ... but also"; the sentence lacks the matching も part, so it does not fit.
2相談するより
相談するより: expresses a comparison; it does not fit the context.
3相談するほど
相談するほど: grammar point ㊹, expressing degree; it does not fit the context.
4相談せずに ✓
Correct. 相談せずに: grammar point ㊻, meaning "without ...ing": "without consulting our parents."
Q4
弟は本当に疲れたらしく、服を( )ベッドで寝てしまった。
Related grammar point 47 ビニール袋に入れたまま
弟は本当に疲れたらしく、服を(着たまま)ベッドで寝てしまった。
My younger brother must have been really tired; he fell asleep on the bed with his clothes still on.
1着るかわりに
着るかわりに: grammar point ㊺; it does not fit the context.
2着たまま ✓
Correct. 着たまま: grammar point ㊼, meaning a state stays unchanged: "fell asleep with his clothes on (without taking them off)."
3着るほど
着るほど: grammar point ㊹; it does not fit the context.
4着るように
着るように: grammar point ㊷; it does not fit the context.
Q5
この商品は手作りなので、注文が増えて対応( )困りますから、あまり宣伝していません。
Related grammar point 50 2、3日で食べきってください
この商品は手作りなので、注文が増えて対応(しきれないと)困りますから、あまり宣伝していません。
This product is handmade, so it would be a problem if orders increased and we couldn't keep up. For that reason we don't advertise it much.
1しきれないと ✓
Correct. しきれないと: grammar point ㊿, meaning "cannot ... completely": "it would be a problem if we couldn't keep up."
2したとたん
したとたん: means "the moment ..."; it does not fit the context.
3したまま
したまま: grammar point ㊼; it does not fit the context.
4しないほど
しないほど: grammar point ㊹; it does not fit the context.
Q6
この大学の図書館は本校の学生( )、一般の方もご利用になれます。
Related grammar point 43 サンドイッチはもちろん、ほかの料理にも
この大学の図書館は本校の学生(はもちろん)、一般の方もご利用になれます。
The library of this university can be used not only by students of the university but also by the general public.
1はもちろん ✓
Correct. はもちろん: grammar point ㊸, meaning "not only ... but also": "not only students of the university, but also the general public can use it."
2ほど
ほど: grammar point ㊹; it does not fit the context.
3のまま
のまま: grammar point ㊼; it does not fit the context.
4にたいして
にたいして: indicates the target of an action or attitude; it does not fit the context.
Q7
この絵は世界的に有名な画家が描いたものだが、子どもが描いた絵( )見える。
Related grammar point 42 本当のハムのように
この絵は世界的に有名な画家が描いたものだが、子どもが描いた絵(のように)見える。
This painting was painted by a world-famous artist, but it looks like a picture drawn by a child.
1のように ✓
Correct. のように: grammar point ㊷, meaning "like ...": "looks like a picture drawn by a child."
2のかわりに
のかわりに: grammar point ㊺; it does not fit the context.
3のままに
のままに: grammar point ㊼; it does not fit the context.
4ほどに
ほどに: grammar point ㊹; it does not fit the context.
Q8
私は中学生になっても泣き虫だったので、よく母に「子ども( )すぐ泣くのはやめなさい」と言われました。
Related grammar point 42 本当のハムのように
私は中学生になっても泣き虫だったので、よく母に「子ども(みたいに)すぐ泣くのはやめなさい」と言われました。
I was still a crybaby even after I started junior high school, so my mother often said to me, "Stop crying so easily like a little child."
1のかわりに
のかわりに: grammar point ㊺; it does not fit the context.
2はもちろん
はもちろん: grammar point ㊸; it does not fit the context.
3みたいに ✓
Correct. みたいに: the Plus of grammar point ㊷, 「〜みたい」, used in conversation in place of 「〜よう」: "like a little child."
4ほど
ほど: grammar point ㊹; it does not fit the context.
Q9
ちょうどスキーに行きたいと( )、友だちから誘いの電話がかかってきた。
Related grammar point 49 ふっとうしたところへ
ちょうどスキーに行きたいと(思っていたところに)、友だちから誘いの電話がかかってきた。
I was just thinking I wanted to go skiing when a friend called to invite me.
1思ったまま
思ったまま: grammar point ㊼; it does not fit the context.
2思っていたところに ✓
Correct. 思っていたところに: grammar point ㊾, meaning "just at the time when ...": "just when I was thinking so."
3思わずに
思わずに: grammar point ㊻; it does not fit the context.
4思っているように
思っているように: grammar point ㊷; it does not fit the context.
Part 2: Building sentences
Put the 4 options into slots 1–4 in order, then pick the one that lands in the ★ slot.
Q1
明日は、胃の12★4来てください。
Related grammar point 46 とりむね肉を切らずに
明日は、胃の1検査が2あるので3★朝食を4食べずに来てください。
Order: 4 → 1 → 3 → 2 ★ = option 3
You'll have a stomach examination tomorrow, so please come without eating breakfast (on an empty stomach).
How the sentence is built
First comes 「検査が」, then 「あるので」, and the ★ falls on 「朝食を」, which follows 「あるので」. Finally 「食べずに」 (grammar point ㊻, "without ...ing") closes the sentence. The full sentence: 明日は、胃の 検査が あるので 朝食を★ 食べずに 来てください。
Q2
Mのコンサートチケットを買おうとしたが、12★4買えなかった。
Related grammar point 50 2、3日で食べきってください
Mのコンサートチケットを買おうとしたが、1発売開始から210分で3★売りきれて4しまって買えなかった。
Order: 3 → 2 → 1 → 4 ★ = option 1
I tried to buy tickets for M's concert, but they sold out within 10 minutes of going on sale, and I couldn't get any.
How the sentence is built
First comes 「発売開始から」, then 「10分で」, and the ★ falls on 「売りきれて」, which follows 「10分で」 (grammar point ㊿, 〜きる, sold out completely). Finally 「しまって」 closes the sentence. The full sentence: Mのコンサートチケットを買おうとしたが、 発売開始から 10分で 売りきれて★ しまって 買えなかった。
Q3
大学に入ってから一人暮らしで、12★4しなければならないのでけっこう忙しいんです。
Related grammar point 43 サンドイッチはもちろん、ほかの料理にも
大学に入ってから一人暮らしで、1勉強は2もちろん3★そうじや4洗濯もしなければならないのでけっこう忙しいんです。
Order: 4 → 3 → 1 → 2 ★ = option 1
Since entering university I've been living alone, and besides studying, I have to do the cleaning and the laundry myself, so I'm quite busy.
How the sentence is built
First comes 「勉強は」, then 「もちろん」, and the ★ falls on 「そうじや」, which follows 「もちろん」 (grammar point ㊸, "not only ... but also"). Finally 「洗濯も」 closes the sentence. The full sentence: 大学に入ってから一人暮らしで、 勉強は もちろん そうじや★ 洗濯も しなければならないのでけっこう忙しいんです。
Q4
今日の相手チームは、12★4ないから、勝てるかもしれない。
Related grammar point 44 もも肉ほどあぶらが多くない
今日の相手チームは、1昨日の2チーム3★ほど4強くないから、勝てるかもしれない。
Order: 4 → 2 → 1 → 3 ★ = option 1
Today's opposing team isn't as strong as yesterday's, so we might be able to win.
How the sentence is built
First comes 「昨日の」, then 「チーム」, and the ★ falls on 「ほど」, which follows 「チーム」 (grammar point ㊹, "not as ... as"). Finally 「強く」 closes the sentence. The full sentence: 今日の相手チームは、 昨日の チーム ほど★ 強く ないから、勝てるかもしれない。
Part 3: Grammar in a passage
Blank 1
Related grammar point 46 とりむね肉を切らずに
1使わない
使わない: the plain negative form cannot connect directly to the following verb 「できる」; you would need 「使わないで」 or 「使わずに」, so it does not fit the sentence structure.
2使わずに ✓
Correct. 使わずに: grammar point ㊻, meaning "without using": "a dessert you can make without using a stove."
3使うまま
使うまま: grammar point ㊼; it does not fit the context.
4使うほど
使うほど: grammar point ㊹; it does not fit the context.
Blank 2
1に ✓
Correct. に: indicates the location where something exists: "set a bowl underneath."
2が
が: the subject marker; it does not fit the context.
3で
で: indicates means or place of action; it does not fit the context.
4を
を: the object marker; it does not fit the context.
Blank 3
Related grammar point 42 本当のハムのように
1ようだ
ようだ: a sentence-final form; it does not fit the sentence structure (the noun 「固さ」 follows).
2ように
ように: an adverbial form; it does not fit the sentence structure.
3ようで
ようで: it does not fit the sentence structure.
4ような ✓
Correct. ような: grammar point ㊷, attributive form + noun: "becomes a firmness like tofu."
Blank 4
Related grammar point 43 サンドイッチはもちろん、ほかの料理にも
1について
について: means "about ..."; it does not fit the context.
2にかわって
にかわって: the Note of grammar point ㊺, meaning "in place of ..."; it does not fit the context.
3はもちろん ✓
Correct. はもちろん: grammar point ㊸, meaning "not only ... but also": "it's delicious not only with fruit but also spread on bread."
4によって
によって: indicates means or cause; it does not fit the context.
Show the passage with answers and translation
Today I'll introduce a very simple dessert that you can make without using a stove. The ingredients are just yogurt (200 grams), fresh cream (50 grams), and sugar (20 grams).
First, place the yogurt in a strainer lined with cheesecloth, and set a bowl underneath. Leave it like that in the refrigerator overnight. The water will drain out of the yogurt, and it will become as firm as tofu. After that, simply mix in the fresh cream and sugar, and it's done.
It is delicious not only eaten with fruit but also spread on bread.
Part 4: Listening
Listen first, then tap an option. The transcript and explanation appear after you answer.
Q1
Options are printed on the test paper: read them, then listen.
男子学生と女子学生が話しています。男子学生はなぜ女子学生にケーキをあげたのですか。
問 男子学生はなぜ女子学生にケーキをあげたのですか。
Transcript
M:木村さん。明日出す宿題、もう終わった?
F:うん。どうして?
M:実はちょっとわからないところがあって…。見せてもらえないかなあ。
F:また?しょうがないなあ。
M:いつも悪いね。そのかわりっていうか…これ、よかったら。
F:わあ。これ駅前の新しいケーキ屋さんのでしょ。いいの?うれしい!
M:よかった。この前食べたいって言ってたから。
M: Ms. Kimura, have you already finished the homework due tomorrow?
F: Yes. Why?
M: Actually, there's a part I don't quite understand... Could you let me take a look at yours?
F: Again? Oh, what am I going to do with you.
M: Sorry to always trouble you. In return, or rather... this, if you like.
F: Wow, this is from the new cake shop in front of the station, isn't it? Are you sure? I'm so happy!
M: Good. You said the other day you wanted to try it.
問 男子学生はなぜ女子学生にケーキをあげたのですか。
1女子学生に宿題を見せてもらうから ✓
2男子学生が宿題を見せてあげるから
3女子学生はいつも成績が悪いから
4男子学生は成績がよかったから
Why did the male student give the female student a cake?
The question is "Why did the male student give the female student a cake?" In the conversation, the male student says 「実はちょっとわからないところがあって…見せてもらえないかなあ」, asking the female student to let him see her homework, and then says 「そのかわりっていうか…これ、よかったら」, making it clear that the cake is in exchange for letting him see the homework (grammar point ㊺ 「〜かわりに」). 2 「男子学生が宿題を見せてあげるから」 is exactly backwards: it is the male student who wants to see the female student's homework, not the other way around. 3 「女子学生はいつも成績が悪いから」 and 4 「男子学生は成績がよかったから」 have no basis in the conversation. So the answer is 女子学生に宿題を見せてもらうから. The answer is 1.
Grammar in this question
〜かわりに:(Grammar point ㊺) In exchange for ..., instead of .... 「そのかわりっていうか…これ」 = "In return... (I'm giving you) this."
Key vocabulary
しょうがない can't be helped, nothing to be done
Q1
Listen to this sentence first
問 ひどいせきだね。会社休めば?
That's a terrible cough. Why don't you take the day off work?
1じゃあ、薬飲んだほうがいいよ。
Then you'd better take some medicine.
2休むほどじゃないよ。 ✓
It's not bad enough to take time off.
3お大事に。
Take care.
F suggests 「会社休めば?」 (Why don't you take the day off work?), and the reply should show the other person's condition. 休むほどじゃないよ uses 「〜ほど〜ない」 from grammar point ㊹, meaning "it's not serious enough to take time off," and directly answers the suggestion and the concern. 1 「じゃあ、薬飲んだほうがいいよ」 gives the other person advice to take medicine, so the speaker and the logic are wrong. 3 「お大事に」 (Take care) is something someone else says to "you," not a response "you" would give yourself. The answer is 2.
Grammar in this question
〜ほど〜ない:(Grammar point ㊹) Not as ... as .... 「休むほどじゃない」 = "It's not bad enough to take time off."
Key vocabulary
せき cough
Q2
Listen to this sentence first
問 あ、窓、閉めないでそのままにしておいてくれる?
Oh, could you leave the window as it is, without closing it?
1じゃあ、すぐ閉めるね。
Then I'll close it right away.
2じゃあ、開けないよ。
Then I won't open it.
3うん、わかった。 ✓
Yeah, got it.
F asks 「窓、閉めないでそのままにしておいてくれる?」 (Could you leave the window as it is, without closing it?), and the most natural response is to accept the request: うん、わかった (Yeah, got it). 1 「じゃあ、すぐ閉めるね」 means closing the window right away, which is the opposite of the request not to close it. 2 「じゃあ、開けないよ」 is also off-topic: the window is already open, and what was requested was to keep things as they are and not close it, not a discussion about whether to open it. The answer is 3.
Grammar in this question
〜たまま:(Grammar point ㊼) A state stays unchanged. 「閉めないでそのままにしておいて」 = "don't close it, leave it as it is."
Q3
Listen to this sentence first
問 そんなにたくさん注文したら食べきれないんじゃない?
If you order that much, won't you be unable to finish it all?
1えー、大丈夫だよ。 ✓
Oh, it'll be fine.
2じゃ、注文しようよ。
Then let's order.
3うん、全部食べたよ。
Yeah, I ate it all.
The other person is worried: 「そんなにたくさん注文したら食べきれないんじゃない?」 (If you order that much, won't you be unable to finish it?), using 「〜きれない」 (cannot finish) from grammar point ㊿. The most natural response is to reassure them that it's fine: えー、大丈夫だよ. 2 「じゃ、注文しようよ」 proposes ordering, but in this situation a lot has already been ordered, and the topic is whether it can all be eaten, not whether to order, so the logic doesn't fit. 3 「うん、全部食べたよ」 is a statement in the past tense about something already completed, which doesn't match the worry about something that hasn't happened yet (ordering too much to finish). The answer is 1.
Grammar in this question
〜きれない:(Grammar point ㊿) Cannot ... completely. 「食べきれない」 = "can't finish eating."
Key vocabulary
注文 order, placing an order
Q4
Listen to this sentence first
問 このいちご、大きさがばらばらじゃない。
These strawberries are all different sizes, aren't they?
1うん、そのかわり大きかったんだ。
Yeah, but in return they were big.
2うん、そのかわり高かったんだ。
Yeah, but in return they were expensive.
3うん、そのかわり安かったんだ。 ✓
Yeah, but in return they were cheap.
The other person points out 「このいちご、大きさがばらばらじゃない」 (These strawberries are all different sizes, aren't they?), using 「じゃない」 from grammar point ㊲ (Lesson 4) in its confirming, noticing tone. The most natural response follows the idea of 「〜かわりに」 from grammar point ㊺ and explains the benefit gained in exchange for the uneven sizes: because the grades are mixed, they were cheap. うん、そのかわり安かったんだ. 1 「そのかわり大きかったんだ」 contradicts the premise of uneven sizes: if they were all big, they wouldn't be uneven. 2 「そのかわり高かったんだ」 doesn't make sense: uneven sizes usually mean a lower grade and a lower price, not a higher one. The answer is 3.
Grammar in this question
〜かわりに:(Grammar point ㊺) In exchange, instead. 「そのかわり安かったんだ」 = "in return, they were cheap" (uneven, but cheap).
Key vocabulary
ばらばら uneven, inconsistent