Lesson 2 産業医を増やそう Practice
Part 1: Choosing the grammar form
Q1
新人賞おめでとうございます。皆様の今後のますますのご活躍を 。
Related grammar point 9 願ってやみません
新人賞おめでとうございます。皆様の今後のますますのご活躍を祈ってやみません。
Congratulations on winning the Newcomer Award. I sincerely hope that all of you will be even more successful in the future.
1祈ってやみません ✓
Correct. 「〜てやみません」 (as 「祈ってやみません」) expresses a sincere, strong wish or prayer for ~. This corresponds to grammar point ⑨ of this lesson.
2祈ってたまりません
「〜てたまりません」 normally follows an emotion adjective to mean "cannot help feeling ~," and cannot be attached directly to a volitional verb like 「祈る」.
3祈るおそれがあります
「〜おそれがあります」 means "there is a danger or concern of ~." It is normally used for bad developments, and does not fit the context or tone of a congratulatory speech.
4祈るにすぎません
「〜にすぎません」 = "it is nothing more than ~." It does not fit the context of this sentence.
Q2
田中さんは、話し出すと長くなる 。
Related grammar point 5 おろそかになるきらいがあります
田中さんは、話し出すと長くなるきらいがある。
Once Tanaka starts talking, he tends to go on and on.
1ものがある
「ものがある」 = "there is something about ~ that makes one feel ~." It is usually used for evaluative description and does not fit well with a fixed habit like "goes on and on once he starts talking."
2ほかしかたがない
「ほかしかたがない」 is not a standard combination, and its meaning does not fit either.
3向きだ
「向きだ」 = "suitable for ~." It does not fit the context of this sentence.
4きらいがある ✓
Correct. 「きらいがある」 means "to have an undesirable tendency of ~." This corresponds to grammar point ⑤ of this lesson, and 「話し出すと長くなるきらいがある」 = he has a tendency to go on and on once he starts talking.
Q3
歴史上、恐怖 国民を支配しようとする権力者は少なくない。
Related grammar point 7 ご指導をもって
歴史上、恐怖をもって国民を支配しようとする権力者は少なくない。
Throughout history, there have been quite a few rulers who tried to rule the people through terror.
1を問わず
「を問わず」 = "regardless of ~." It does not fit the context of this sentence.
2をこめて
「をこめて」 = "with ~ (feeling, emotion) put into it." It usually pairs with phrases like 「心を込めて」 and is unnatural with 「恐怖」.
3をもって ✓
Correct. 「をもって」 means "by means of ~; using ~ as the method." This corresponds to grammar point ⑦ of this lesson, and 「恐怖をもって支配する」 = to rule by means of terror.
4をはじめ
「をはじめ」 = "starting with ~; ~ and others." It does not fit the context of this sentence.
Q4
親しい仲 、借金の保証人には絶対なるなと親から言われている。
Related grammar point 2 中小企業といえども
親しい仲といえども、借金の保証人には絶対なるなと親から言われている。
My parents have told me never to become a guarantor for a loan, even for someone I am close to.
1というと
「というと」 = "speaking of ~." It does not fit the context of this sentence.
2といえども ✓
Correct. 「といえども」 means "even if it is ~." This corresponds to grammar point ② of this lesson, and 「親しい仲といえども」 = even with someone you are close to (never become a guarantor).
3にとって
「にとって」 = "for ~; from the standpoint of ~." It does not fit the context of this sentence.
4につけても
「につけても」 = "whenever ~." It does not fit the context of this sentence.
Q5
新製品の発売前によく似た商品名があることがわかり、変更 された。
Related grammar point 3 休職を余儀なくされる
新製品の発売前によく似た商品名があることがわかり、変更を余儀なくされた。
Before the launch of the new product, it was discovered that a very similar product name already existed, so it was forced to be changed.
1を皮切りに
「を皮切りに」 = "starting with ~." It does not fit the context of this sentence.
2を余儀なく ✓
Correct. 「を余儀なくされる」 means "to be forced to ~." This corresponds to grammar point ③ of this lesson, and 「変更を余儀なくされた」 = was forced to make a change.
3を契機に
「を契機に」 = "taking ~ as an opportunity." Its nuance is neutral or even positive, and it does not fit the passive, reluctant context of "being forced to change."
4をもって
「をもって」 = "by means of ~." It does not fit the context of this sentence.
Q6
運転するなら、アルコールは一滴 飲んではいけない。
Related grammar point 4 一刻たりとも
運転するなら、アルコールは一滴たりとも飲んではいけない。
If you are going to drive, you must not drink even a single drop of alcohol.
1ばかりか
「ばかりか」 = "not only ~ but also." It does not fit the context of this sentence.
2どころか
「どころか」 = "far from ~; let alone ~." It does not fit the context of this sentence.
3たりとも ✓
Correct. 「たりとも」 means "not even such a small unit as ~." This corresponds to grammar point ④ of this lesson, and 「一滴たりとも飲んではいけない」 = you must not drink even a single drop.
4ぬきに
「ぬきに」 = "without ~." It does not fit the context of this sentence.
Q7
「豊かな海 漁師だ」と言って、彼らは仕事の合間に環境保護の活動をしている。
Related grammar point 8 笑顔あってのさいわい市
「豊かな海あっての漁師だ」と言って、彼らは仕事の合間に環境保護の活動をしている。
Saying "Fishermen exist only because of a rich sea," they carry out environmental protection activities in their spare time from work.
1あっての ✓
Correct. 「あっての」 means "B exists only because of A; without A there would be no B." This corresponds to grammar point ⑧ of this lesson, and 「豊かな海あっての漁師だ」 = the occupation of fisherman exists only thanks to a rich sea.
2に限って
「に限って」 = "only in the case of ~." It does not fit the context of this sentence.
3とあって
「とあって」 = "because it is a special ~." It does not fit the context of this sentence.
4に至るまで
「に至るまで」 = "all the way to ~." It does not fit the context of this sentence.
Part 2: Building sentences
Put the 4 options into slots 1–4 in order, then pick the one that lands in the ★ slot.
Q1
サッカーの監督は、「今日の試合は、相手チームに12★4」と自信を持って言った。
Related grammar point 4 一刻たりとも
サッカーの監督は、「今日の試合は、相手チームに11点2たりとも3★与えずに4勝つ」と自信を持って言った。
Order: 4 → 1 → 3 → 2 ★ = option 3
The soccer coach said confidently, "In today's match, we will win without giving the opposing team even a single point."
How the sentence is built
First put 「1点たりとも」 (not even one point), which forms the smallest unit for 「たりとも」. Then add 「与えずに」 (without giving) in the ★ slot, and finish with 「勝つ」 (win). This corresponds to grammar point ④ 「たりとも」 of this lesson.
Q2
大型台風の接近で、12★4。
Related grammar point 3 休職を余儀なくされる
大型台風の接近で、1今年の2祭りは3★中止を4余儀なくされた。
Order: 4 → 3 → 2 → 1 ★ = option 2
Because of the approach of a large typhoon, this year's festival was forced to be canceled.
How the sentence is built
First put the subject 「今年の祭りは」, then 「中止を」 in the ★ slot, and finish with 「余儀なくされた」, forming 「〜を余儀なくされた」 (was forced to ~). This corresponds to grammar point ③ of this lesson.
Q3
「サルも木から落ちる」というのは、12★4という意味である。
Related grammar point 2 中小企業といえども
「サルも木から落ちる」というのは、1上手な人2といえども3★失敗する4ことがあるという意味である。
Order: 2 → 4 → 3 → 1 ★ = option 3
"Even monkeys fall from trees" means that even someone who is good at something sometimes fails.
How the sentence is built
First put 「上手な人」, then 「といえども」 (even if it is ~) to form the concession, and finish with 「失敗する」 followed by 「ことがある」 (there are times when ~). This corresponds to grammar point ② 「といえども」 of this lesson.
Part 3: Grammar in a passage
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Related grammar point 4 一刻たりとも
1欠ける ✓
Correct. 「欠ける」 = "to be missing; to be absent," and 「1名たりとも欠けることなく」 = "without a single person missing," which echoes grammar point ④ 「たりとも」, meaning "not even one person ~."
2卒業する
「卒業する」 does not combine smoothly with 「1名たりとも〜ことなく」, and it also duplicates the later meaning of 「本校を巣立って行く」 (leaving the school after graduating).
3飛び立つ
「飛び立つ」 = "to take off; to fly away," and it is unnatural with 「1名たりとも〜ことなく」.
4うれしい
「うれしい」 is an adjective and cannot directly serve as the complement of 「ことなく」 after 「1名たりとも」.
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Related grammar point 5 おろそかになるきらいがあります
1ことを余儀なくされます
「ことを余儀なくされます」 = "is forced to ~." The subject is normally someone compelled by outside forces, which does not fit the general-tendency context of 「人はだれでも〜」.
2次第です
「次第です」 = "it is because ~." It is used to explain circumstances and does not express a "tendency."
3きらいがあります ✓
Correct. 「きらいがあります」 means "to have an undesirable tendency of ~." This corresponds to grammar point ⑤ of this lesson, and 「人は誰でも困難なことを避けるきらいがある」 = everyone tends to avoid difficult things.
4はずがありません
「はずがありません」 = "there is no way that ~." It does not fit the context of this sentence.
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Related grammar point 2 中小企業といえども
1とあって
「とあって」 = "because it is a special ~." It expresses a reason and does not fit the concessive context of "no matter what the hardship."
2といえども ✓
Correct. 「といえども」 means "even if it is ~." This corresponds to grammar point ② of this lesson, and 「いかなる困難といえども」 = no matter what the hardship.
3というより
「というより」 = "rather than ~, more like ~." It does not fit the context of this sentence.
4とともに
「とともに」 = "together with ~; as ~." It does not fit the context of this sentence.
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Related grammar point 9 願ってやみません
1願えるでしょうか
「願えるでしょうか」 = "may I ask ~?" It is a question or request, which does not fit the context of a graduation speech closing with good wishes.
2願ってやみません ✓
Correct. 「願ってやみません」 means "to sincerely hope for ~." This corresponds to grammar point ⑨ of this lesson and is used to express a long-held, strong wish in a formal manner.
3願ってたまりません
「願ってたまりません」 is not a correct combination; 「〜てたまらない」 normally follows emotion adjectives, not 「願う」.
4願ってはなりません
「願ってはなりません」 = "must not wish ~," which makes no sense here.
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1していただきます
「していただきます」 = "to have the other person do ~ for me." The subject is misunderstood; here the speaker should be modestly stating what he himself does.
2してさしあげます
「してさしあげます」 = "I will do ~ for you." It is unnatural for closing a speech.
3させていただきます ✓
Correct. 「させていただきます」 humbly states "I do ~ (with the other party's permission)." 「お祝いの言葉とさせていただきます」 = "I will make this my words of congratulation," which is the standard humble expression for ending a speech.
4させてさしあげます
「させてさしあげます」 is an unnatural combination that uses the humble form toward the wrong party.
Show the passage with answers and translation
Congratulations on your graduation, everyone.
It gives me great joy that the 208 students who enrolled the year before last are about to leave our school without a single one missing.
Now, everyone tends to avoid difficult things, but there is a saying: "Hardships are given only to those who can overcome them." It means that no matter what the hardship, there is none that cannot be overcome. By overcoming them one by one, I sincerely hope that you will grow even further and be successful in your respective paths.
That is all, and though brief, I would like to offer it as my words of congratulation.
Part 4: Listening
Listen first, then tap an option. The transcript and explanation appear after you answer.
Listen first, then choose answers question by question. After answering, open the transcript to replay each line.
ボランティア活動のリーダーが参加者に話をしています。
Q1
問 リーダーが一番伝えたいことは何ですか。
1参加者に感謝していること
2許可なく撮影しないこと
3現地の人に品物を与えないこと
4体調管理をしっかりすること ✓
What does the leader most want to convey?
The leader opens by expressing respect, but immediately says 「お願いがあります。何よりも皆さん自身の健康を第一に考えていただきたい」, and then explains specifically that 「体調を崩せば、入院や途中での帰国を余儀なくされることもあります」 and 「何をするにも、健康あってのことです」. Health management is the core message that he repeats and most wants to convey. 1 Thanking the participants is just the opening remark, not the main request. 2 「許可なく撮影しないこと」 and 3 「現地の人に品物を与えないこと」 are only some of the "precautions written in the materials"; the leader dismisses them in one line with 「資料に書いてある通りです」, so they are not what he stresses. → 体調管理をしっかりすること. The answer is 4.
Grammar in this question
〜あってのことだ:Exists only thanks to ~ (grammar point ⑧ of this lesson). 「健康あってのことです」 = everything depends on having good health.
〜を余儀なくされる:Be forced to ~ (grammar point ③ of this lesson). 「入院や途中での帰国を余儀なくされる」 = be forced to be hospitalized or return home midway.
Key vocabulary
敬意を表する to express respect
現地 local, on-site
Q2
問 この女の人は何に気をつけると言っていますか。
1現地の人との関わり方 ✓
2自分自身の健康
3現地の人の健康
4特に気をつけることはない
What does this woman say she will be careful about?
After hearing the leader, F says 「気をつけよう。自分が上みたいな態度じゃ失礼だよね。写真なんかも、人の生活なのに物や風景みたいに撮られたら嫌だと思うし」. What she mentions is "not acting as though one is above them" and "not photographing local people as if they were scenery," both of which belong to 「現地の人との関わり方」 (how to interact with local people). 2 「自分自身の健康」 was raised by M2 as "you should watch your own health," but F replies 「そっちは心配してないけどね」, clearly saying she is not worried about it, so this is not what the woman intends to be careful about. 3 「現地の人の健康」 is never mentioned at all. 4 contradicts F's clear statement 「気をつけよう」. → 現地の人との関わり方. The answer is 1.
Grammar in this question
〜きらいがある:Having an undesirable tendency (grammar point ⑤ of this lesson; corresponds to the leader's statement 「頑張りすぎるきらいがあります」).
Key vocabulary
常識 common sense
無理はしない not to overdo it, not to push oneself
Transcript
M 海外での1か月にもわたるボランティアに参加される皆様には、心から敬意を表したいと思います。ここで私からお願いがあります。
To all of you who will take part in a volunteer program overseas that lasts as long as one month, I would like to express my sincere respect. Here, I have a request.
M 何よりも皆さん自身の健康を第一に考えていただきたい。特に初めて参加される方は、頑張りすぎるきらいがあります。
Above all, I would like you to put your own health first. Especially those taking part for the first time tend to push themselves too hard.
M 気持ちはわかりますが、体調を崩せば、入院や途中での帰国を余儀なくされることもあります。何をするにも、健康あってのことです。どうかそれを忘れないでください。
I understand the feeling, but if you ruin your health, you may be forced to be hospitalized or return home midway. Whatever you do, it all depends on having good health. Please don't forget that.
M それから、無断で写真やビデオを撮らない、子どもたちに勝手にプレゼントをあげない、など、現地の方との関わり方については資料に書いてある通りです。
In addition, don't take photos or videos without permission, don't give presents to the children on your own, and so on. As for how to interact with local people, it's as written in the materials.
M 支援する側、される側ではなく、仲間として一緒に活動する気持ちがあれば、うまくいくと思います。
I think it will go well if you work together as partners, rather than with a mindset of being the one who helps and the one who is helped.
M まあ、言葉の心配、食べ物の心配などもあるかと思いますが、とにかく元気なら何とかなります。皆様のご活躍を願ってやみません。
Well, you may be worried about the language, about the food and so on, but as long as you're in good health, you'll manage somehow. I sincerely hope that you will do well.
F なるほどね。気をつけよう。自分が上みたいな態度じゃ失礼だよね。写真なんかも、人の生活なのに物や風景みたいに撮られたら嫌だと思うし。
I see. I'll be careful. It's rude to act as though you're above them. And with photos, too, I'd hate it if my life was being photographed like an object or scenery.
M うん、まあ、常識といえば常識かもしれないけど。自分が嫌なことは相手にもしないってだけだと思う。それより、自分の健康だね。
Yeah, well, you could call it common sense. I think it's just that you shouldn't do to others what you wouldn't like done to yourself. More than that, there's your own health.
F そっちは心配してないけどね。国内でも同じことだから。
I'm not worried about that. It's the same even in Japan.
M そう?海外だと疲れていても気がつかないとか、もう少しって頑張っちゃうとかありそうだよ。僕も旅行のときに経験あるけど。
Really? Overseas, there might be times when you don't notice you're tired, or you push on thinking "just a little more." I've had that experience when traveling, too.
F 旅行ならともかく、1か月以上だからね。無理はしないと思うよ。
Traveling is a different story, since this will be over a month. I don't think I'll overdo it.
M そう。まあ、お互い頑張ろうね。
I see. Well then, let's both do our best.