Lesson 3 飯食わぬ女房 Practice

Part 1: Choosing the grammar form

無理むりして徹夜てつやなんてしなきゃよかった。早くはやく寝るねる　　、薬くすりを飲むのむ　　しておけば治っなおったかもしれない。

無理むりして徹夜てつやなんてしなきゃよかった。早くはやく寝るねるなり、薬くすりを飲むのむなりしておけば治っなおったかもしれない。

I should never have forced myself to stay up all night. If I had gone to bed early, or taken some medicine, or done something, it might have been fine.

1につけ
"につけ" is normally used in the pattern "〜につけ〜につけ" to mean "whenever ... / whether ... or ...", which does not fit the context here of "doing just one of several options."
2にしろ
"にしろ" means "whether it is ... or ... (either way)," and although it also gives concessive examples, it is not used in a context of concrete advice like "doing something."
3やら
"やら" means "... and ... (listing uncertain, troublesome things)," which does not fit the advice context here of "doing any one of them would have been enough."
4なり ✓
Correct. "AなりBなり" means "A or B, whichever (just pick one to do)," corresponding to grammar point ⑥ of this lesson. "早く寝るなり、薬を飲むなりしておけば" = if I had gone to bed early or taken medicine (done something, anything).

計算けいさんソフトの使いつかい方かたを何度なんども教えおしえているのに、本田ほんだ君くんは聞いきいた　　忘れわすれるんだよね。

Related grammar point 16 作るつくるそばから

計算けいさんソフトの使いつかい方かたを何度なんども教えおしえているのに、本田ほんだ君くんは聞いきいたそばから忘れわすれるんだよね。

I've taught Honda how to use the calculation software many times, but he forgets it the moment he hears it.

1が早いはやいか
"が早いか" = "almost at the same time as ...," and is normally used to narrate a one-time event, not a repeated, habitual description like "it's like this every time."
2次第しだい
"次第" attaches to the ます-stem ("as soon as ...") or to a noun ("depending on ..."), so it cannot follow the plain past form "聞いた" and does not express a repeated "forget right after hearing."
3そばから ✓
Correct. "そばから" means "B immediately after A (and this happens repeatedly)," corresponding to grammar point ⑯ of this lesson. "聞いたそばから忘れる" = forgetting right after hearing (a recurring phenomenon).
4なり
"なり" refers to something that happens right after a one-time action, and is not used for repeated, habitual descriptions.

新発売しんはつばいのエコカーは環境かんきょうへの配慮はいりょ　　、価格かかくの面めんでも皆様みなさまにご納得なっとくいただけるものとなっております。

新発売しんはつばいのエコカーは環境かんきょうへの配慮はいりょはもとより、価格かかくの面めんでも皆様みなさまにご納得なっとくいただけるものとなっております。

The newly released eco-friendly car not only takes the environment fully into account but will surely satisfy you in terms of price as well.

1どころか
"どころか" = "far from ..., on the contrary ...," which does not fit the context of this sentence.
2はおろか
"はおろか" = "let alone ..., even ... not," and is normally used in negative contexts, so it does not fit this sentence, which makes a positive evaluation.
3かたがた
"かたがた" = "while ... / on the occasion of ...," which does not fit the context here, and what follows is not a verb of movement.
4はもとより ✓
Correct. "はもとより" = "needless to say ..., (also ...)," so "環境への配慮はもとより、価格の面でも" = needless to say in its consideration for the environment, and also in terms of price (it will satisfy you). This is a related expression learned at the N2 level and is not included in this lesson, but it can be chosen by elimination.

内容ないようが暴力的ぼうりょくてきであるという親おやたちの批判ひはん　　、子どもこどもたちはこの番組ばんぐみを楽したのしんで見てみている。

内容ないようが暴力的ぼうりょくてきであるという親おやたちの批判ひはんをよそに、子どもこどもたちはこの番組ばんぐみを楽したのしんで見てみている。

Ignoring parents' criticism that the program's content is violent, the children kept watching it with great enjoyment.

1をよそに ✓
Correct. "をよそに" means "ignoring ... / paying no attention to ...," corresponding to grammar point ② of this lesson. "親たちの批判をよそに" = ignoring the parents' criticism.
2を抜きぬきに
"を抜きに" = "leaving ... aside," which does not fit the context of this sentence.
3といえども
"といえども" = "even if it is ...," which does not fit the context of this sentence.
4をもって
"をもって" = "by means of ...," which does not fit the context of this sentence.

すいかの皮かわはたいていの人ひとが捨てすててしまうが、工夫くふうすれば　　。

Related grammar point 4 もらわないでもない

すいかの皮かわはたいていの人ひとが捨てすててしまうが、工夫くふうすれば食べたべられないでもない。

Most people throw away watermelon rinds, but if you put some thought into it, it's not that they can't be eaten.

1食べたべられるものではない
"食べられるものではない" = "it is not something that can be eaten," which is the opposite of the context here, "it can be eaten if you put some thought into it."
2食べたべられないでもない ✓
Correct. "食べられないでもない" means "it is not that it can't be eaten," corresponding to the softened affirmative use of grammar point ④ "ないでもない" in this lesson.
3食べたべられない
"食べられない" = "cannot eat," which does not fit the contrasting context of "工夫すれば" (if you put some thought into it).
4食べたべずにはおかない
"食べずにはおかない" = "will not rest until it is eaten," which does not fit the context of this sentence.

私わたしにとって、彼はかれは学年がくねん1位いちいを争うあらそうライバル　　最高さいこうの親友しんゆうでもありました。

私わたしにとって、彼はかれは学年がくねん1位いちいを争うあらそうライバルにして最高さいこうの親友しんゆうでもありました。

To me, he is both my rival in the race for first place in our year and my best friend.

1にして ✓
Correct. "にして" means "being ... and, at the same time, ...," corresponding to grammar point ⑧ of this lesson. "ライバルにして親友" = both a rival and a close friend.
2にもまして
"にもまして" = "even more than ...," which does not fit the context of this sentence.
3において
"において" = "in ... (a place or field)," which does not fit the context of this sentence.
4に対したいして
"に対して" = "toward / regarding ...," which does not fit the context of this sentence.

どろぼう猫ねこは魚屋さかなやに入はいった　　、近くちかくにあったサンマをくわえて逃げ出しにげだした。

Related grammar point 15 米こめが炊けたけるが早いはやいか

どろぼう猫ねこは魚屋さかなやに入はいったが早いはやいか、近くちかくにあったサンマをくわえて逃げ出しにげだした。

The cat that had stolen food slipped into the fish shop, and the moment it did, it grabbed a nearby saury in its mouth and ran off.

1とは
"とは" expresses surprise, which does not fit the context here of simply describing consecutive actions, "as soon as it went in ...".
2が最後さいご
"が最後" = "once ..., (a bad result follows)," which does not match the tone here; this is only the cat's quick movement, not an "irreversible bad result."
3そばから
"そばから" is normally used for repeated actions, which does not match this one-time event.
4が早いはやいか ✓
Correct. "が早いか" means "almost at the same time as ...," corresponding to grammar point ⑮ of this lesson. "魚屋に入るが早いか、逃げ出した" = the moment it went into the fish shop, it ran off with something in its mouth.

大変申したいへんもうし訳わけありませんが、やむを得ぬえぬ事情じじょうにより、今回こんかいは欠席けっせきさせていただく　　です。

大変申したいへんもうし訳わけありませんが、やむを得ぬえぬ事情じじょうにより、今回こんかいは欠席けっせきさせていただく次第しだいです。

I am very sorry, but for unavoidable reasons, I have no choice but to be absent this time.

1しまつ
"しまつ" is a critical summing up meaning "ended up with ...," which does not fit the context of this sentence, a formal apology.
2一方いっぽう
"一方" = "on the other hand," which does not fit the context of this sentence.
3最中さいちゅう
"最中" = "in the middle of ...," which does not fit the context of this sentence.
4次第しだい ✓
Correct. "次第です" is used to explain the circumstances and reasons of a matter formally, and "欠席させていただく次第です" = an explanation of being absent for a reason (it is the same expression as "次第だ" in grammar point ⑥ of Lesson 2).

Part 2: Building sentences

Put the 4 options into slots 1–4 in order, then pick the one that lands in the ★ slot.

いくら真夏まなつでも、Tシャツ1枚いちまいで12★4だ。

いくら真夏まなつでも、Tシャツ1枚いちまいで1富士山ふじさんに2登るのぼる3★とは4非常識ひじょうしきだ。

Order: 4 → 3 → 2 → 1 ★ = option 2

Even in midsummer, going to climb Mt. Fuji wearing only a T-shirt is utterly lacking in common sense.

How the sentence is built

First comes the place plus verb "富士山に登る" (climb Mt. Fuji), then the ★ position takes "とは" (expressing surprise or exasperation), and finally "非常識" (lacking common sense) closes the sentence. This corresponds to grammar point ⑫ "とは" of this lesson.

スケートを教えおしえてほしいって彼女かのじょに言わいわれたんだけど、実はじつは俺おれ、12★4さえできないんだ。どうしよう……。

スケートを教えおしえてほしいって彼女かのじょに言わいわれたんだけど、実はじつは俺おれ、1滑るすべること2はおろか3★氷こおりの上にうえに4立つたつことさえできないんだ。どうしよう……。

Order: 2 → 4 → 3 → 1 ★ = option 3

She asked me to teach her how to skate, but the truth is, I can't even stand on the ice, let alone skate. What should I do...

How the sentence is built

First comes "滑ることはおろか" (let alone skating), which sets up the baseline of the concession, then "氷の上に" at the ★ position, and finally "立つこと" plus "さえできない" (can't even stand on the ice). This corresponds to grammar point ⑨ "はおろか" of this lesson.

毎晩まいばん、壁かべの中なかから奇妙きみょうな音おとがする。安いやすいから借りかりたけど、12★4あるらしいんだ。

Related grammar point 3 俺おれなりに

毎晩まいばん、壁かべの中なかから奇妙きみょうな音おとがする。安いやすいから借りかりたけど、1この部屋へやが2安いやすいのには3★それなりの4理由りゆうがあるらしいんだ。

Order: 2 → 1 → 4 → 3 ★ = option 4

Every night a strange sound comes from inside the wall. I rented the room because it was cheap, but there seems to be a reason why this room is cheap.

How the sentence is built

First comes the subject "この部屋が", then "安いのには" (as for why it is cheap), then "それなりの" (a corresponding / fitting) at the ★ position, and finally "理由が" plus "あるらしい" (there seems to be a reason) closes the sentence. This corresponds to the noun form "それなりの" of grammar point ③ "なりに" of this lesson.

Part 3: Reading

「おい、そこの時計とけい見てみてみろ。もう5時ごじだぞ。2時にじの休憩きゅうけいに入はいるが早いはやいか、飛び出しとびだしたっきりで……。出でてったが最後さいご、3時さんじ半はんになっても、4時よじになっても帰っかえってこないし……。うちみたいな小さちいさな店みせは、1人ひとり欠けかけても大変たいへんだってわかるだろ。ほら、また！いつもお前まえは人ひとが話しはなしてるそばから、ケータイいじって……。ちょっと貸しかしてみろ！」「あ！」「『兄貴あにき、さっきはありがとう。』何だなんだ、これは？」「すいません。実はじつは弟おとうとがバイクで事故じこって、それで病院びょういんへ行いってたんです。」「それなら電話でんわするなり、誰かだれか他のほかのアルバイトに言っていっておくなりしろよ。……まあ、早くはやく治るなおるといいな。」

Show passage translation

"Hey, look at that clock over there. It's already 5 o'clock. The minute your break started at 2, you dashed out and vanished... You went out and never came back; it was 3:30, then 4:00, and you still weren't back... A small shop like ours is hard pressed even when one person is missing, you understand that, right?
Look, there you go again! You're always like this, fiddling with your phone while I'm still talking to you... Let me see that!"
"Ah!"
"'Big brother, thanks for earlier.' What's this?"
"I'm sorry. Actually, my younger brother had a motorbike accident, so I went to the hospital."
"Then you should have called, or at least told the other part-timers. ... Well, all right, I hope he recovers soon."

誰がだれが誰だれに対したいして怒おこっているか。

Who is angry at whom?

1店長てんちょうがアルバイト店員てんいんに ✓
Correct. From expressions such as "うちみたいな小さな店" (a small shop like ours) and "他のアルバイトに言っておくなり" (telling the other part-timers), we can tell the speaker is the shop manager, scolding a part-time employee who left without permission and has been slow to return.
2客きゃくがアルバイト店員てんいんに
There is no sign in the passage that any "customer" appears; the whole passage is a store manager scolding an employee.
3店長てんちょうが客きゃくに
The speaker is indeed the shop manager, but the person being scolded is not a customer: he is an employee who took a break and is expected to come back to work (the manager refers to "the other part-timers").
4新人しんじん店員てんいんが先輩せんぱいの店員てんいんに
There is no clue in the passage that the speaker is a "new employee" or that the other person is a "senior colleague," so this does not fit the situation.

この人ひとが怒おこっている理由りゆうは何かなにか。

What is the reason this person is angry?

1相手あいてが休憩時間きゅうけいじかんが終わおわっても戻らもどらなかったから ✓
Correct. "2時の休憩に入るが早いか、飛び出したっきりで……出てったが最後、3時半になっても、4時になっても帰ってこない": the break time had long since ended, yet the employee still had not returned, which is the direct reason the manager is angry.
2相手あいてが休憩時間きゅうけいじかんに帰宅きたくして戻っもどってこなかったから
The passage does not say the other person "went home"; it only says "飛び出した" (dashed out), with no clear destination.
3相手あいてが携帯電話けいたいでんわで話しはなしているから
Fiddling with the phone (ケータイいじって) is just another complaint the manager noticed (mentioned in passing while scolding), and is not the core of "the reason for being angry."
4相手あいてが遅れおくれた理由りゆうをまだ言わいわないから
The manager did not know the reason until he took the phone and read the message, but what makes him angry is that the employee has not come back for so long, not that no explanation has been given yet, so this does not fit.

Part 4: Listening

Listen first, then tap an option. The transcript and explanation appear after you answer.

Listen first, then choose answers question by question. After answering, open the transcript to replay each line.

ラジオから子どもこども向けむけの昔話むかしばなしが流れながれています。

問昔話むかしばなしの中なかで柿かきの種たねはどのように移動いどうしましたか。

1猿さるが落とおとした⇒道みちに落ちおちていた⇒蟹かにが拾っひろった
2道みちに落ちおちていた⇒蟹かにが拾っひろった⇒猿さるがもらった
3道みちに落ちおちていた⇒猿さるが拾っひろった⇒蟹かにがもらった ✓
4蟹かにが落とおとした⇒道みちに落ちおちていた⇒猿さるが拾っひろった

How did the persimmon seed change hands in the story?

In the story, the monkey and the crab were out for a walk together when a rice ball was lying on the road, and the crab picked up the rice ball first. The monkey could not find another rice ball and only picked up a persimmon seed that had been lying by the roadside. Later the monkey traded the persimmon seed for the crab's rice ball, which means the persimmon seed ended up in the crab's hands. → The order is 「道みちに落ちおちていた（the persimmon seed was originally lying by the road）⇒猿さるが拾っひろった（the monkey picked it up）⇒蟹かにがもらった（the crab received it later in the trade）」. Answer 3.

Grammar in this question

〜が早いはやいか：Almost at the same time as ... (grammar point ⑮ of this lesson). "見つけるが早いか拾いあげた" = the moment it found it, it picked it up.

〜はおろか：Let alone ..., not even ... (grammar point ⑨ of this lesson). "おむすびはおろか、ご飯粒すら落ちていない" = there was not even a grain of rice lying there, let alone a rice ball.

Key vocabulary

拾いひろいあげる pick up

取りとりかえる exchange

問男の子おとこのこは猿さるについてどう思っておもっていますか。

1うそつきだと思っておもっている。
2自己中心的じこちゅうしんてきだと思っておもっている。
3頭あたまがいいと思っておもっている。 ✓
4楽天的らくてんてきだと思っておもっている。

What does the boy think of the monkey in the story?

After listening to the story, the boy (M2) says, "やっぱり猿さるは賢いかしこいね。柿かきの種たねを植えうえることを考えかんがえるなんて", meaning he thinks the monkey was clever to come up with the idea of trading for the rice ball with a seed that could later bear fruit. The girl (F), on the other hand, feels sorry for the crab and thinks the monkey 「自分じぶんのことしか考えかんがえてないよね」 (is only thinking about itself); this is F's opinion, not the boy's. → The boy thinks the monkey is 頭あたまがいい (smart). Answer 3.

Key vocabulary

賢いかしこい clever

だます deceive

Transcript

M1 ある日ひ、猿さると蟹かにが散歩さんぽをしていると、おいしそうなおむすびが一つひとつ落ちおちていた。
One day, when a monkey and a crab were out for a walk together, a delicious-looking rice ball was lying on the road.
M1 蟹かにはおむすびを見つみつけるが早いはやいか、自慢じまんの大きおおきなはさみでさっと拾いひろいあげた。
The moment the crab spotted the rice ball, it quickly picked it up with its proud big claws.
M1 それを見たみた猿さるは、もう一つひとつ落ちおちていないか、一生懸命いっしょうけんめい探しさがしながら歩いあるいたが、おむすびはおろか、ご飯はん粒つぶすら落ちおちていない。
Seeing this, the monkey searched desperately for another rice ball, but there was not even a single grain of rice, let alone a rice ball.
M1 結局けっきょく、猿さるが拾っひろったのは、固くかたくて小さちいさな柿かきの種たねが一つひとつだけだった。猿さるは、少しすこし考えかんがえてこう言ったいった。
In the end, all the monkey found was a small, hard persimmon seed. The monkey thought for a moment and said,
M1 「ねえねえ、蟹かにさん。そのおむすびと、この柿かきの種たねを取りとりかえてあげるよ。
"Hey, Crab, how about I trade you this persimmon seed for that rice ball?
M1 おむすびは、食べてたべてしまったら、もうおしまいだろう？でも柿かきの種たねは、植えうえれば、そのうち芽めが出でて木きになるから、柿かきの実みがなったら、いくらでも食べたべられるよ」
If you eat the rice ball, it's gone, isn't it? But if you plant a persimmon seed, sooner or later it will sprout and grow into a tree, and once it bears persimmons, you can eat as many as you like."
M1 蟹かには、それもそうだと思いおもい、おむすびと柿かきの種たねを取りとりかえた。猿さるは、蟹かにからおむすびをもらうなり、あっという間まにむしゃむしゃと食べてたべてしまった。
The crab thought this made sense and exchanged the rice ball for the persimmon seed. The moment the monkey got the rice ball from the crab, it devoured the whole thing in no time.
M2 やっぱり猿さるは賢いかしこいね。柿かきの種たねを植えうえることを考えかんがえるなんて。
The monkey really is clever, isn't it? To think of planting the persimmon seed.
F 蟹かにがかわいそう。だまされちゃったんだね。
Poor crab. It got tricked.
M2 ちっともかわいそうじゃないよ。柿かきができればたくさん食べたべられるじゃないか。
Not poor at all. If the persimmons grow, the crab can eat a lot of them.
F そうかなあ。蟹かにだっておなかがすいてたんだよ、きっと。猿さるは自分じぶんのことしか考えかんがえてないよね。柿かきの種たねなんていつ芽めが出でるかわからないよ。
Is that so? The crab must have been hungry then, too. The monkey was only thinking about itself. Who knows when the persimmon seed would even sprout.

Listen to this sentence first

問きのうの試合しあい見たみた？まさかあんなところで逆転ぎゃくてんされるとはなあ……。

Did you watch yesterday's game? I never thought they'd be beaten on a comeback at a time like that...

1ほんと、予想よそうできなかったよ。 ✓
I know, I really didn't see it coming.
2ほんと、予想通りよそうどおりだったね。
I know, it went just as expected.
3ほんと、予想よそうできたよ。
I know, I could have predicted it.

The speaker uses "まさか〜とはなあ" (corresponding to grammar point ⑫ "とは" of this lesson) to express surprise at an unexpected result: they never imagined the game would be turned around in that situation, and their tone carries surprise and helplessness. The reply should echo this feeling of "I never expected it." 2 "予想通りよそうどおりだったね" (it was just as expected) contradicts "まさか" (never expected); 3 "予想よそうできたよ" (I could have predicted it) is likewise the opposite of the tone of "まさか." → ほんと、予想よそうできなかったよ. Answer 1.

Grammar in this question

まさか〜とは：Never expected that ... (a common collocation of grammar point ⑫ of this lesson).

Key vocabulary

逆転ぎゃくてん comeback (reversal of the score)

Listen to this sentence first

問おい！一体いったいいつまでかかってるんだ！遅すおそすぎるぞ。

Hey! How long is this going to take! You're far too slow.

1はい、もちろん明日あしたまでかかります。
Yes, of course, it will take until tomorrow.
2いいえ、私わたしなりにやってしまったんです。
No, I've already finished it in my own way.
3すみません。自分じぶんなりに頑張っがんばっているんですが……。 ✓
I'm sorry. I'm already doing my best in my own way, but...

The other person is criticizing you for being "too slow," so the proper response is to apologize first and then say that you are already working hard (echoing grammar point ③ "なりに" of this lesson = "in one's own way, to the best of one's ability"). 1 "もちろん明日あしたまでかかります" sounds blunt, as if talking back, and is not an appropriate response; 2 "私わたしなりにやってしまったんです" uses a past-completed tone implying it is already finished, which contradicts the situation of still being pressed to hurry. → すみません。自分じぶんなりに頑張っがんばっているんですが……. Answer 3.

Grammar in this question

〜なりに：To a degree that suits ... (grammar point ③ of this lesson). "自分なりに頑張っている" = working hard in one's own way.

Key vocabulary

遅すおそすぎる too slow, too sluggish

Listen to this sentence first

問え？！薔薇ばら？そんな漢字かんじ、日本人にほんじんですら書けかけないよ。

What?! 薔薇? Even Japanese people can't write that kanji, you know.

1そんなに難しいむずかしい字じなんですか。 ✓
Is it such a difficult character?
2外国人がいこくじんなら書けかけますね。
Foreigners can write it, can't they?
3日本人にほんじんしか書けかけないんですね。
So only Japanese people can write it, I see.

The other person uses "日本人にほんじんですら書けかけない" (corresponding to grammar point ⑩ "すら" of this lesson) to stress that even Japanese people, who should be the ones most likely to know it, cannot write it, implying that the character is extremely hard to write. An appropriate response follows this idea of "it's that hard." 2 "外国人がいこくじんなら書けかけますね" runs against the logic of the previous sentence (if even Japanese people can't, foreigners surely can't); 3 "日本人にほんじんしか書けかけないんですね" reverses the meaning of "すら" ("すら" means "not even ...," not "only ..."). → そんなに難しいむずかしい字じなんですか. Answer 1.

Grammar in this question

〜ですら：Even ... (grammar point ⑩ of this lesson).

Key vocabulary

薔薇ばら（ばら） rose

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