Lesson 6 苦労した5年間 Practice
Part 1: Choosing the grammar form
Q1
卒業論文が間に合わなかった 、卒業が半年遅れてしまった。
Related grammar point 1 経験がなかったばかりに
卒業論文が間に合わなかったばかりに、卒業が半年遅れてしまった。
Just because I couldn't finish my graduation thesis on time, my graduation was delayed by half a year.
1ばかりに ✓
Correct. 「ばかりに」means "just because of ~ (leading to a bad result)," matching grammar point ① of this lesson: "just because the thesis wasn't done in time, graduation was postponed."
2からには
「からには」means "now that ...," which does not fit a sentence that describes a bad result.
3ものの
「ものの」means "although ..., ...," which does not fit the context of "a single reason causing a bad result."
4にもかかわらず
「にもかかわらず」means "in spite of / even though ..." and introduces a result that goes against expectation. Here, missing the thesis deadline is the cause of the delayed graduation, not something the delay happened in spite of, so it does not fit.
Q2
来週の焼き肉パーティーは参加費500円で 食べられますから、皆さん参加してください。
Related grammar point 8 がんばれるだけがんばろう
来週の焼き肉パーティーは参加費500円で好きなだけ食べられますから、皆さん参加してください。
Next week's barbecue party costs 500 yen to join, and you can eat as much as you like, so please be sure to come, everyone.
1好きだから
「好きだから」means "because I like it," which does not fit the context of "eat as much as you want."
2好きなのに
「好きなのに」means "even though I like it," which has a contrasting tone and does not fit the context.
3好きなだけ ✓
Correct. 「〜だけ」means "to the limit," matching grammar point ⑧ of this lesson: "eat as much as you like."
4好きなくらい
「好きなくらい」means "to the degree that you like it," which does not fit the context of "eating to the limit."
Q3
A:加藤君のお父さん、優しそうだよね。
B:優しい 。いつも怒ってばかりいるよ。
Related grammar point 4 負けるものか
A:加藤君のお父さん、優しそうだよね。
B:優しいもんか。いつも怒ってばかりいるよ。
A: Kato's father seems very gentle. B: Gentle? Hardly. He's always angry.
1ことか
「ことか」expresses an exclamation, "how ...!", which does not fit the context of "strongly denying the other person's statement."
2ことだ
「ことだ」expresses advice or a general conclusion, which does not fit the context of "rebutting the other person."
3もんか ✓
Correct. 「ものか/もんか」strongly denies what the other person has said, matching grammar point ④ of this lesson: "gentle? not at all."
4ものだ
「ものだ」expresses a general-principle judgment, which does not fit the context of "a strong rebuttal."
Q4
A:午後から取引先との打ち合わせですから、もう出かけたほうがいいんじゃないですか。
B:まだ時間はありますから、急ぐ よ。
Related grammar point 2 あきらめることはない
A:午後から取引先との打ち合わせですから、もう出かけたほうがいいんじゃないですか。
B:まだ時間はありますから、急ぐことはありませんよ。
A: We have a meeting with the client this afternoon. Shouldn't we be leaving soon? B: There's still time, so there's no need to hurry.
1どころではありません
「どころではありません」means "not in a state to ...," which does not fit the context of "there's time, so no hurry."
2わけにはいきません
「わけにはいきません」means "cannot (afford to) ...," which does not fit the context of "there's still time, so there's no need to hurry."
3おそれがあります
「おそれがあります」means "there is a risk of ...," which does not fit the context.
4ことはありません ✓
Correct. 「ことはない」means "there's no need to ...," matching grammar point ② of this lesson: "there's still time, so there's no need to hurry."
Q5
A:来週の同窓会、行くでしょ?
B:ごめん。ゼミの合宿があって、休む んだ。
Related grammar point 10 失敗するわけにはいかない
A:来週の同窓会、行くでしょ?
B:ごめん。ゼミの合宿があって、休むわけにはいかないんだ。
A: You're coming to next week's class reunion, right? B: Sorry, there's a seminar training camp, and I can't take time off.
1わけではない
「わけではない」means "it's not that ...," which does not fit the context of "there's an event, so I can't take time off."
2ものではない
「ものではない」means "one should not ..." (admonition), which does not fit the context.
3わけにはいかない ✓
Correct. 「わけにはいかない」means "cannot (afford to) ...," matching grammar point ⑩ of this lesson: "there's a training camp, so I can't skip it to go to the reunion."
4ことはない
「ことはない」means "there's no need to ...," which does not fit the cause-and-effect context of "there's an event, so I can't go."
Q6
A:この川、以前に 、ずいぶんきれいになりましたね。
B:ええ。町の人たちが毎週掃除していますからねえ。
Related grammar point 3 同期の人に比べて
A:この川、以前に比べて、ずいぶんきれいになりましたね。
B:ええ。町の人たちが毎週掃除していますからねえ。
A: This river has become much cleaner compared with before, hasn't it? B: Yes, it's because the people in town clean it every week.
1応じて
「応じて」means "in accordance with ...," which does not fit the comparison context of "compared with before."
2つれて
「つれて」means "as ... progresses," which does not fit the context of simply comparing two points in time.
3わたって
「わたって」means "across (the whole) range ...," which does not fit the comparison context.
4比べて ✓
Correct. 「比べて」means "compared with ...," matching grammar point ③ of this lesson: "it has become cleaner compared with before."
Part 2: Building sentences
Put the 4 options into slots 1–4 in order, then pick the one that lands in the ★ slot.
Q1
注意書きを12★4受け付けてもらえなかった。
Related grammar point 1 経験がなかったばかりに
注意書きを1見落としていた2ばかりに3★書類が4足りなくて受け付けてもらえなかった。
Order: 3 → 2 → 1 → 4 ★ = option 1
Just because I overlooked the notes, my documents were incomplete and could not be accepted.
How the sentence is built
First comes「注意書きを見落としていた」(I had overlooked the notes), then「ばかりに」(grammar point ① of this lesson, "just because ..."), then the subject「書類が」, and finally「足りなくて」. The ★ falls on「書類が」.
Q2
野菜や果物に12★4減っているのをご存知ですか。
Related grammar point 3 同期の人に比べて
野菜や果物に1含まれる2ビタミンが3★昔4に比べて減っているのをご存知ですか。
Order: 3 → 1 → 2 → 4 ★ = option 2
Did you know that the vitamins contained in vegetables and fruits have decreased compared with the past?
How the sentence is built
First comes「含まれる」, which links with the preceding「野菜や果物に」to form「野菜や果物に含まれる」, modifying the next word「ビタミン」. Then comes the subject「ビタミンが」, then「昔」, and finally「に比べて」of grammar point ③ of this lesson (N + に比べて), which connects with「減っている」at the end of the sentence to mean "has decreased compared with the past." The ★ falls on「昔」, in third position. Full sentence: 野菜や果物に 含まれる ビタミンが 昔★ に比べて 減っているのをご存知ですか。
Q3
話し上手になるには、12★4話をよく聞き、情報を得て、話題を増やしましょう。
Related grammar point 12 スターになったつもりで
話し上手になるには、1レポーターに2なった3★つもりで4人の話をよく聞き、情報を得て、話題を増やしましょう。
Order: 3 → 2 → 4 → 1 ★ = option 4
To become a good speaker, pretend you are a reporter, listen carefully to what other people say, gather information, and increase your topics of conversation.
How the sentence is built
First comes「レポーターに」, then「なった」, which together form「レポーターになった」. Then comes「つもりで」of grammar point ⑫ of this lesson (V-た + つもり, "as if you have already become ..."), and finally「人の」, which modifies「話」at the end of the sentence. The ★ falls on「つもりで」, in third position. Full sentence: 話し上手になるには、 レポーターに なった つもりで★ 人の 話をよく聞き、情報を得て、話題を増やしましょう。
Part 3: Reading
Show passage translation
Japanese products are struggling in international price competition. However, we cannot give up on the grounds that we cannot compete, nor can we afford to be pessimistic. So where does the path lie for Japanese business to develop worldwide? The key to business success is only one thing: pursuing the needs of consumers.
Now in Europe, Japanese security companies are gaining popularity. They constantly check whether there are any problems with the security system, and when an alarm goes off, the person in charge rushes to the scene immediately, grasps the situation, and contacts the customer. This service, which is taken for granted in Japan, is reportedly highly valued in Europe. Rather than regretting that "we suffered major damage just because security wasn't solid," it can be said that there was a need to leave things to a reliable company even if the fee is a little higher. Something that is only natural in Japan but is highly valued overseas: that is precisely what a product with international competitiveness is.
Q1
日本の警備会社が人気がある一番の理由は何ですか。
What is the main reason Japanese security companies are popular?
1セキュリティーシステムをチェックしてくれるから
「セキュリティーシステムをチェックしてくれるから」mentions only part of the service and is not complete.
2いつでもチェックしていて、すぐ問題に対応してくれるから ✓
Correct. The original text「常にチェックし、警報器が鳴ったら、すぐ担当者が駆けつけ」means they check at all times and someone arrives immediately when an alarm sounds, which corresponds to "always checking and responding immediately when a problem occurs."
3料金が少し高いから
「料金が少し高いから」is wrong: a higher fee is not a reason for popularity. In the text, the higher fee is the background of "customers still want to entrust it to them," not the selling point itself.
4安心して警備を任せられないから
「安心して警備を任せられないから」is the opposite of the text, which says precisely that customers can entrust security to them with peace of mind.
Q2
筆者が最も言いたいことは何ですか。
What does the author most want to say?
1国際的な経済競争が激しくなっていること
「国際的な経済競争が激しくなっていること」is only background mentioned at the start, not the main point of the article.
2日本製品が外国製品に比べて、値段が高くなったこと
「日本製品が外国製品に比べて、値段が高くなったこと」is not mentioned in the text, which never says that Japanese products have become more expensive overall, so it is made up.
3日本の警備会社がヨーロッパで人気を集めていること
「日本の警備会社がヨーロッパで人気を集めていること」is only a specific example supporting the argument, not the central argument of the article.
4消費者のニーズを追求することが、世界市場で勝つということ ✓
Correct. At the beginning,「ビジネス成功のポイントは、ただ消費者のニーズを追求することのみだ」, and at the end,「それこそが国際競争力を持つ商品というものだ」. The beginning and end echo each other, and "pursuing consumer needs is the way to win" is the article's real argument.
Part 4: Listening
Listen first, then tap an option. The transcript and explanation appear after you answer.
Q1
Options are printed on the test paper: read them, then listen.
専門家が話しています。メダカを飼う場合に最も大切なことは何ですか。
問 メダカを飼う場合に、最も大切なことは何ですか。
Transcript
皆さんこんにちは。今日はメダカを初めて飼う場合、どうしたらいいか、田中先生にお話を伺います。田中先生、よろしくお願いします。 メダカは川にいる魚ですから、自然に近い環境が必要です。といっても、難しく考えることはありません。小石や水草を入れてやれば、メダカはストレスなく生きていくことができるでしょう。メダカは強い魚なので、飼い方も難しくはありませんが、毎日きちんと面倒をみないと死んでしまいますから、それだけは絶対に忘れないでください。
Hello, everyone. Today we will ask Professor Tanaka what to do when keeping medaka for the first time. Professor Tanaka, thank you for joining us. Medaka are fish that live in rivers, so they need an environment close to nature. But there is no need to make it complicated: if you put in small pebbles and water plants, medaka will be able to live without stress. Medaka are hardy fish and are not difficult to keep, but they will die if you don't look after them properly every day, so please never forget that one thing.
問 メダカを飼う場合に、最も大切なことは何ですか。
1自然の環境を作ること
2水槽に水草を入れること
3メダカのストレスをなくすこと
4毎日世話をすること ✓
What is the most important thing when keeping medaka?
The question asks for「最も大切なこと」(the most important thing), so you need to catch the point the speaker specifically emphasizes, not the auxiliary advice mentioned in passing. 「小石や水草を入れてやれば…ストレスなく生きていくことができるでしょう」 is just advice on "how to improve the environment" (so options 1 and 2 are out). 「メダカはストレスなく生きていくことができるでしょう」 is the effect of doing so, not the most important thing itself (so option 3 is out). What is truly emphasized, placed at the end with added force, is: 「毎日きちんと面倒をみないと死んでしまいますから、それだけは絶対に忘れないでください」, meaning that caring for them properly every day is the one thing that must never be forgotten. → 毎日世話をすること. The answer is 4.
Grammar in this question
〜てやれば:If you do ... (for the benefit of someone/something; an act of giving, used toward someone lower in status or toward animals and plants). 「水草を入れてやれば」.
それだけは絶対に:This one thing, absolutely ... 「それだけは絶対に忘れないでください」, the marker of the answer to this question.
Key vocabulary
メダカ medaka (Japanese rice fish)
環境(かんきょう) environment
ストレス stress
面倒(めんどう)をみる to look after; to take care of
Q2
Options are printed on the test paper: read them, then listen.
女の人と店の店長が話しています。伊藤さんは昨日何をしましたか。
問 伊藤さんは昨日何をしましたか。
Transcript
F:昨日はすみませんでした。アルバイト、休むわけにはいかないと思ったんですけど、熱が高くて、起きられなくて…。
M:まだ、顔色悪いね。店のほうは君の代わりに伊藤さんが来てくれたし、気にすることはないよ。
F:え?昨日は伊藤さん、用事があったはずなんですけど…。
M:そう言ってたけど、無理言って頼んだんだ。まあ、今度代わってあげればいいんじゃない?
F: I'm so sorry about yesterday. I thought I couldn't take the day off from my part-time job, but my fever was so high that I couldn't get up...
M: You still look pale. At the shop, Ito came in for you, so don't worry about it.
F: Huh? Wasn't Ito supposed to have something to do yesterday...
M: That's what he said, but I pushed him into coming. Why don't you cover for him next time?
問 伊藤さんは昨日何をしましたか。
1アルバイトを休んだ
2アルバイトをした ✓
3熱を出して寝ていた
4用事があって帰った
What did Ito do yesterday?
The question asks what Ito did, not what the woman who is speaking (F) did, and it is easy to confuse who did what. The one who had a fever, could not get up, and took the day off is F herself (options 1 and 3 describe F's own situation). 「用事があったはず」 refers to Ito's original plans, but the store manager continues with 「そう言ってたけど、無理言って頼んだんだ」, meaning that although Ito originally had something to do, he was pressed into coming in as a substitute. So Ito actually gave up his own plans and came to work his part-time job (option 4, "he went home because he had something to do," is the opposite of "he was asked to cover"). → アルバイトをした. The answer is 2.
Grammar in this question
〜わけにはいかない:Cannot (afford to) ... (grammar point ⑩ of this lesson). 「休むわけにはいかないと思った」.
〜てくれる:(Someone) did ... for me. 「伊藤さんが来てくれた」.
無理言って:Making an unreasonable request; pressing someone to do something. 「無理言って頼んだんだ」.
Key vocabulary
顔色(かおいろ) complexion; the color of one's face
用事(ようじ) business; something to attend to
代わる(かわる) to take someone's place
Q1
Listen to this sentence first
問 無理すれば、頂上まで行けないことはなかったけど…。
If I had pushed myself, it wasn't that I couldn't reach the summit, but...
1でも、行きましたね。
But you went, didn't you?
2やっぱりやめてよかったですね。 ✓
It was good that you gave up after all, wasn't it?
3そうですね。無理しましたね。
That's right. You pushed yourself, didn't you?
The speaker says 「無理すれば…行けないことはなかったけど…」, meaning "if I had pushed myself, it wasn't impossible to reach the summit, but... (I didn't go / I gave up)." Grammar point ⑦ of this lesson,「ないことはない」, is a softening double negative, and the trailing「けど…」implies a contrast: in the end, the speaker did not push on. The most natural reply is to agree with that judgment of not forcing it and stopping in time: 「やっぱりやめてよかったですね」. 1「でも、行きましたね」contradicts the actual situation that the speaker did not push on. 3「そうですね。無理しましたね」mishears "did not push themselves" as "pushed themselves," which is the opposite direction. The answer is 2.
Grammar in this question
〜ないことはない:It's not that ... can't (a softening double negative, grammar point ⑦ of this lesson). 「行けないことはなかったけど」.
〜てよかった:It was good that ... 「やめてよかったですね」.
Key vocabulary
頂上(ちょうじょう) summit
Q2
Listen to this sentence first
問 犯人についての情報を集められるだけ集めてくれ。
Collect as much information about the culprit as you can.
1はい、集めるだけですね。
Yes, all I have to do is collect it, right?
2はい、やってみます。 ✓
Yes, I'll give it a try.
3はい、情報だけ集めます。
Yes, I'll collect only information.
The boss gives the order 「集められるだけ集めてくれ」 (grammar point ⑧ of this lesson,「〜だけ」: do it as far as possible, collect as much as you can), which asks the subordinate to do their best and give it everything. The most natural reply is to say you will try your best: 「はい、やってみます」. 1「集めるだけですね」distorts "collect as much as possible" into "all you need to do is collect (nothing else)," misunderstanding the meaning of「だけ」. 3「情報だけ集めます」likewise misreads「集められるだけ」as the restrictive meaning "collect only information," rather than "make your utmost effort." The answer is 2.
Grammar in this question
〜できるだけ〜:As much as possible; to the limit (grammar point ⑧ of this lesson). 「集められるだけ集めてくれ」.
Key vocabulary
犯人(はんにん) criminal; culprit
Q3
Listen to this sentence first
問 そんなに笑うことはないでしょう。
There's no need to laugh that much, is there?
1だって、悲しいんだもん。
Well, because I'm sad.
2だって、おもしろくないんだもん。
Well, because it's not funny at all.
3だって、変な格好してるんだもん。 ✓
Well, because you're dressed so strangely.
The other person says 「そんなに笑うことはないでしょう」 (grammar point ② of this lesson,「ことはない」: there is no need to laugh that much), implying that they are being laughed at, with an undertone of displeasure that "you are laughing too much." The reply should use「だって〜んだもん」(grammar point ⑨ of this lesson, explaining a reason in a childish or defensive way) to explain why you are laughing, and the reason must relate to the act of laughing itself: because the other person's outfit is strange, you couldn't help laughing: 「だって、変な格好してるんだもん」. 1「悲しいんだもん」: being sad does not usually make people laugh, so the logic does not work. 2「おもしろくないんだもん」: "it isn't funny" is exactly what would not make someone laugh, so the logic contradicts itself. The answer is 3.
Grammar in this question
〜ことはないでしょう:There's no need to ..., is there? (grammar point ② of this lesson, with a tone of displeasure). 「そんなに笑うことはないでしょう」.
だって〜もん:Because ..., you know (grammar point ⑨ of this lesson, a childish or defensive explanation). 「変な格好してるんだもん」.
Key vocabulary
格好(かっこう) appearance; get-up